Identifying Parts of Paragraphs Writer’s Tip: Paragraph Form (pages 12–13)
PRACTICE
1. a. There are many reasons why people move.
b. 4
c. For these reasons, every year millions of people move to new places.
2. a. More men are now doing jobs that traditionally belonged to women.
b. 3
c. It is clear that ideas about traditionally female occupations have changed.
3. a. For thousands of years, garlic has had many uses.
b. 4
c. Garlic has a long history as a plant with many uses.
4. a. Today cell phones can do a lot more than just make and receive calls.
b. 4
c. With all of these new features, it is hard to imagine what cell phones of the future will be able to do.
5. a. The popular game of chess has a long and interesting history.
b. 4
c. With its long history, chess will probably remain a popular game in the future.
Topic Sentences
PRACTICE
A (page 14)
1. Topic: Written exams
Controlling idea: make me nervous
2. Topic: Colors
Controlling idea: have different meanings around the world
3. Topic: Miles Davis
Controlling idea: is my favorite jazz musician 4. Topic: several advantages
Controlling idea: to growing up in a small town
5. Topic: The computer
Controlling idea: was the greatest invention of the twentieth century
6. Topic: The Cannes Film Festival Controlling idea: is the largest and most famous film festival in the world
7. Topic: My proudest moment Controlling idea: the day I received the sportsmanship award.
Identifying Topic Sentences
PRACTICE (pages 15–16)
2. a
3. b
4. a
5. b
6. c
7. a
Supporting Sentences Identifying Supporting Sentences
PRACTICE (pages 17–18)
1. In 1983, there were 562 computers connected to the Internet, but by the turn of the century, there were 361 million computers in 247 countries online. Experts say that the Internet is now growing at a rate of approximately 50 to 60 percent a year. They predict that by 2018 there will be 3.6 billion connected computers.
2. First of all, the windows are small and the apartment is never sunny; I also have noisy neighbors who keep me up all might; The air conditioner doesn’t work properly, so it’s too hot in the summer. Finally, there are so many bugs in my apartment that I could start an insect collection.
3. First, fruits and vegetables are packed with the vitamins and minerals you need to keep your body functioning smoothly. In addition, they give you the carbohydrates you need for energy. Fruits and vegetables have lots of fiber to help your digestive system work properly. Finally, many scientists believe that the nutrients in fruits and vegetables can help fight diseases.
Concluding Sentences Choosing Concluding Sentences
PRACTICE (page 19)
1. a
2. a
3. c
PRACTICE A (page 21)
1. Q
2. A
3. R
4. A
5. R
6. Q
7. Q
8. A
9. R
10. R
11. Q
12. A
B (pages 21–22)
Quality of Education
✔Springfield Academy is famous for the high quality of its education.
-The library and laboratories have the newest computers and equipment.
-The teachers and academic counselors are excellent.
-Most of its graduates attend very good universities.
Rules of the School
-Students are not allowed to leave school without permission.
-Students are required to wear uniforms.
✔Many of the students at Springfield Academy feel that the rules are too strict.
-Students who do not maintain a B average are put on probation.
Athletic Department
-The athletic director and all the team coaches are excellent.
-Every year several Springfield graduates receive athletic scholarships to college.
-It has a new gymnasium, an Olympic-size pool, clay tennis courts, and great playing fields.
✔Springfield Academy is known for its wonderful athletic department.
Identifying topic and supporting sentences
PRACTICE
A (page 23)
1. SS
2. SS
3. TS
4. SS
5. SS
6. TS
7.SS
8. SS
9. SS
10. SS
B (pages 23–24)
Topic Sentence: The weather in San Francisco is very pleasant.
Supporting Sentences
It is never too hot or too cold.
It is cool and breezy at night.
The winters are mild and it rarely snows.
Topic Sentence 2
There are many things to see and do in San Francisco.
Supporting Sentences
Some of the country’s most famous restaurants and hotels are in San Francisco.
There are many interesting tourist attractions, such as Fisherman’s Wharf and the Golden Gate Bridge. The nightlife is exciting.
San Francisco has art galleries, a ballet company, an opera house, and an orchestra.
Paragraph Unity Writer’s Tip: Unity (page 25)
Irrelevant sentence: The food in Mexico is delicious.
PRACTICE (page 25)
Sentences 1, 3, and 4 support the main idea.
Identifying Irrelevant Sentences
1. Unfortunately, some people are allergic to their hair.
2. My favorite kind of car is a convertible.
3. There are many types of governments in the world.
4. Some Japanese universities are developing medical robots to detect certain kinds of cancer.
5. Packaging is used to protect things that are breakable.
Grammar For Writing: Compound Sentences
PRACTICE A (page 27)
Some students are from European countries such as Germany and Italy, and others are from Middle Eastern countries, such as Saudi Arabia and Turkey. My classmates are an interesting mix of people from many different countries, and we all get along very well.
B (page 27)
1. They don’t eat much, so they are not expensive to feel.
Cats look beautiful, and they’re fun to have in your home.
2. Another way is to drive less often, so they use less gas.
3. The government offices are located in the capital city, and political leaders usually live there or nearby.
Finally, the capital city can serve as a center of trade, industry, and commerce, so it is often the financial center of the country.
4. Another automobile factory in Japan uses some robots to paint cars as they come off the assembly line, and other robots to perform tasks such as...
5. Many food items have several layers of extra packaging, but most of these layers are unnecessary.
C (page 27)
1. connects a reason and joins similar ideas.
2. connects a result
3. joins similar ideas and connects a reason/result
4. joins similar ideas
5. joins two contrasting ideas
D (page 28)
Answers may vary. Possible answers:
2. Our computers are old and outdated, but we are raising money to buy new ones.
3. Children enter the world lacking the skills to take care of themselves, so parents must nurture and protect children when they are young.
4. The family is the basic social unit in every culture, but its structure varies widely among different cultures.
5. Women around the world have won important rights during the last hundred years, but gender inequality still exists in many places. 6. Scientists from all over the world go to Antarctica to study the weather and climate, or they go to research the geology and wildlife.
7. In the early days of photography, cameras were big and bulky, and pictures were made on individual glass plates.
8. I have been trying to lose weight for several months, but I can’t stop eating fattening things like cookies and sodas.
a
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